Microinjection molding (μIM) is a fast-developing technology which is used to produce polymeric microcomponents or components with micro/nanoscale features, such as are used in many fields including microfluidic diagnostics, microneedle drug delivery devices, microgears, and microswitches. The capabilities and performance of the microinjection molding process can be improved by incorporating a variotherm system. This leads to improved component quality, especially for high aspect ratio features. It can also help to increase the polymer flow path, improve feature replication, reduce residual stresses and molecular orientations, and also can eliminate weld lines. This article reviews the use of different variotherm systems in μIM, and describes how simulation of its use can provide insight when designing a mold cavity or a component with challenging microfeatures. The article highlights important problems, challenges and areas for further research. An increased understanding of these issues will provide opportunities to enhance further developments in the μIM process.
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